2. Debian 13 ile gelen yenilikler

Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi için: Wiki.

2.1. Desteklenen mimariler

Debian 13 sürümünde resmi olarak desteklenen mimariler şunlardır:

  • 64-bit PC (amd64)

  • 64-bit ARM (arm64)

  • ARM EABI (armel)

  • ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf)

  • 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el)

  • 64-bit little-endian RISC-V (riscv64)

  • IBM System z (s390x)

Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386) is available. Please see i386 desteğinin azaltılması for details.

Taşıma (port) durumu ve mimarinize özel taşıma bilgileri hakkında daha fazlasını Debian taşıma web sayfalarında bulabilirsiniz.

2.2. Dağıtımdaki yenilikler neler?

2.2.1. riscv64 için resmi destek

Bu sürüm, riscv64 mimarisi için ilk kez resmi destek sunmaktadır. Artık kullanıcılar 64-bit RISC-V donanımlarında Debian çalıştırabilir ve Debian 13’ün tüm özelliklerinden yararlanabilirler.

Debian’daki riscv64 desteği hakkında daha fazla ayrıntı için Wiki sayfasını ziyaret edebilirsiniz.

2.2.2. Hardening against ROP and COP/JOP attacks on amd64 and arm64

trixie introduces security features on the amd64 and arm64 architectures designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) exploits and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) attacks.

On amd64 this is based on Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) for both ROP and COP/JOP protection, on arm64 it is based on Pointer Authentication (PAC) for ROP protection and Branch Target Identification (BTI) for COP/JOP protection.

The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. For amd64 see the Linux kernel documentation and the Intel documentation, and for arm64 see the Wiki, and the Arm documentation, which have information on how to check if your processor supports CET and PAC/BTI and how they work.

2.2.3. HTTP Önyükleme Desteği

Debian Kurulum Aracı ve Debian Canlı Görüntüleri, artık desteklenen UEFI ve U-Boot aygıt yazılımlarında “HTTP Önyükleme” yöntemiyle başlatılabilir.

TianoCore aygıt yazılımı kullanan sistemlerde, Aygıt Yöneticisi menüsüne girin, Ağ Aygıtları Listesi seçeneğini seçin, ilgili ağ arayüzünü ve ardından HTTP Önyükleme Yapılandırması seçeneğini seçin. Önyükleme yapılacak Debian ISO dosyasının tam tam URL’sini girin.

Diğer aygıt yazılımı uygulamaları için, lütfen sistem donanımınızın ya da aygıt yazılımınızın belgelendirmesine başvurun.

2.2.4. Improved manual pages translations

The manpages-l10n project has contributed many improved and new translations for manual pages. Especially Romanian and Polish translations are greatly enhanced since bookworm.

2.2.5. Spell-checking support in Qt WebEngine web browsers

Web browsers based on Qt WebEngine, notably Privacy Browser and Falkon, now support spell-checking using hunspell data. The data is available in the BDIC binary dictionary format shipping in each Hunspell language package for the first time in Trixie.

More information is available in the related bug report.

2.2.6. 64-bit time_t ABI transition

All architectures other than i386 now use a 64-bit time_t ABI, supporting dates beyond 2038.

On 32-bit architectures (armel and armhf) the ABI of many libraries changed without changing the library “soname”. On these architectures, third-party software and packages will need to be recompiled/rebuilt, and checked for possibly silent data loss.

The i386 architecture did not participate in this transition, since its primary function is to support legacy software.

More details can be found on the Debian wiki.

2.2.7. Debian progress towards reproducible builds

Debian contributors have made significant progress toward ensuring package builds produce byte-for-byte reproducible results. You can check the status for packages installed on your system using the new package debian-repro-status, or visit reproduce.debian.net for Debian’s overall statistics for trixie and later.

You can contribute to these efforts by joining #debian-reproducible on IRC to discuss fixes, or verify the statistics by installing the new rebuilderd package and setting up your own instance.

2.2.8. wcurl and HTTP/3 support in curl

Both the curl CLI and libcurl now have support for HTTP/3.

HTTP/3 requests can be made with the flags --http3 or --http3-only.

The curl package now ships wcurl, a wget alternative that uses curl to perform downloads.

Downloading files is as simple as wcurl URL.

2.2.9. BDIC Binary Hunspell Dictionary Support

Trixie ships .bdic binary dictionaries compiled from Hunspell source for the first time in Debian. The .bdic format was developed by Google for use in Chromium. It can be used by Qt WebEngine, which is derived from Chromium’s source. Web browsers based on Qt WebEngine can take advantage of the provided .bdic dictionaries if they have appropriate upstream support. More information is available in the related bug report.

2.2.10. Masaüstü ortamları ve yaygın kullanılan paketler

This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 14116 new packages, for a total of over 69830 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 44326 software packages (this is 63% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 8844, 12% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as “obsolete” in package management front-ends; see Eskimiş paketler.

Debian, yine birçok masaüstü uygulaması ve ortamıyla birlikte gelmektedir. Bu sürümde yer alan masaüstü ortamları arasında GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0 ve Xfce 4.20 bulunmaktadır.

Ofis paketleri de dahil olmak üzere verimlilik uygulamaları da güncellenmiştir:

  • LibreOffice 25 sürümüne yükseltildi;

  • GNUcash 5.10’a yükseltildi;

Bunların yanı sıra, bu sürüm aşağıdaki yazılım güncellemelerini de içermektedir:

Paket

12 (bookworm)’daki Sürüm

13 (trixie)’deki Sürüm

Apache

2.4.62

2.4.64

Bash

5.2.15

5.2.37

BIND DNS Sunucusu

9.18

9.20

Cryptsetup

2.6

2.7

curl/libcurl

7.88.1

8.14.1

Emacs

28.2

30.1

Exim (default email server)

4.96

4.98

GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler)

12.2

14.2

GIMP

2.10.34

3.0.4

GnuPG

2.2.40

2.4.7

Inkscape

1.2.2

1.4

GNU C kütüphanesi

2.36

2.41

Linux kernel

6.1 serisi

6.12 series

LLVM/Clang araç zinciri

13.0.1, 14.0 (öntanımlı) ve 15.0.6

19 (öntanımlı) 17 ve 18 mevcut

MariaDB

10.11

11.8

Nginx

1.22

1.26

OpenJDK

17

21

OpenLDAP

2.5.13

2.6.10

OpenSSH

9.2p1

10.0p1

OpenSSL

3.0

3.5

Perl

5.36

5.40

PHP

8.2

8.4

Postfix

3.7

3.10

PostgreSQL

15

17

Python 3

3.11

3.13

Rustc

1.63

1.85

Samba

4.17

4.22

Systemd

252

257

Vim

9.0

9.1